Match on action, 180 degree rule, shot/reverse/shot

Match on action:

This is an editing technique where the editor takes one shot and cuts it to another shot showing the same action for the subject in the first shot.

180 degree rule:

This is another editing technique where the camera is kept on one side of the action.  It keeps the charcaters on a particular side of the screen and keeps them looking at one another.

Shot/reverse/shot:

This is also another editing technique where one character is shown looking at another character and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.